The 2 x 2 achievement goal framework and intrinsic motivation among Filipino students: A validation study
Keywords:
Achievement goal, mastery-approach, intrinsic motivation.Abstract
The applicability of the 2 x 2 achievement goal framework has been wellestablished in Western studies across diverse samples. However, evidence for its theoretical and psychometric validity among Asian populations remains limited, with some research highlighting potential issues with the basic conceptual categories of the model. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the fourfactor achievement goal model—mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance—among Filipino high school students. It focused on item analysis, reliability, and validity of the measurement and examined the framework's predictive utility on intrinsic motivation. The item analysis results provided substantial evidence supporting the internal consistency of the 2 x 2 achievement goal measure. However, exploratory factor analysis revealed only three distinct factors instead of the hypothesized four-factor model, as all items representing avoidance goals (mastery-avoidance and performanceavoidance) loaded significantly on a single factor. Confirmatory factor analysis, utilizing absolute and incremental fit indices, indicated that the data did not fit the proposed model. Despite this, most achievement goals, except performanceavoidance goals, were found to be significant predictors of students' intrinsic motivation.
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